PID Control with Arduino

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PID Control with Arduino: Learning how the PID control algorithm is implemented on the Arduino platform and its use in hobby and educational projects.

PID Control with Arduino: A Comprehensive Guide

Introduction

Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control is a widely used control algorithm in various applications, from industrial automation to hobby projects. The Arduino platform, known for its accessibility and ease of use, provides an excellent environment for implementing and experimenting with PID control. This guide aims to explore the implementation of the PID control algorithm on the Arduino platform and its application in hobby and educational projects.

Understanding PID Control

PID control is a feedback control loop mechanism that continuously calculates an error value as the difference between a desired setpoint and a measured process variable. It applies a correction based on proportional, integral, and derivative terms, hence the name PID.

    Proportional (P): This term produces an output that is proportional to the current error value. It determines the reaction to the current error and adjusts the control output accordingly.

    Integral (I): This term is responsible for the accumulation of past error values, addressing any offset that remains after the proportional response. It helps eliminate steady-state errors.

    Derivative (D): This term predicts future error based on the rate of change of the error. It provides a damping effect, reducing overshoot and improving stability.

Implementing PID Control with Arduino

To implement PID control with Arduino, you can use the Arduino PID Library, which simplifies the process of using PID control in your projects.

    Installation: First, install the Arduino PID Library from the Arduino IDE's Library Manager.

    Setup: In your Arduino sketch, include the PID library and define the necessary variables for the setpoint, input, and output. Also, create a PID instance and configure the PID parameters (Kp, Ki, Kd).

#include <PID_v1.h>

double setpoint, input, output;
double Kp = 2.0, Ki = 5.0, Kd = 1.0;

PID myPID(&input, &output, &setpoint, Kp, Ki, Kd, DIRECT);

Configuration: Set the mode of the PID controller to AUTOMATIC and define the output limits.

myPID.SetMode(AUTOMATIC);
myPID.SetOutputLimits(0, 255);

Loop: In the main loop, update the input variable with the current process variable, and call the Compute() method of the PID instance to calculate the output. Use this output to control your actuator (e.g., motor, heater).

    void loop() {
      input = analogRead(sensorPin);
      myPID.Compute();
      analogWrite(actuatorPin, output);
      delay(100);
    }

Applications in Hobby and Educational Projects

    Temperature Control: Use a PID controller to maintain a desired temperature in projects like a DIY incubator or a soldering station.

    Motor Speed Control: Implement PID control to regulate the speed of a DC motor in projects like a robotic car or a CNC machine.

    Light Intensity Control: Create a closed-loop system to adjust the brightness of an LED based on ambient light conditions.

    Line Following Robot: Use PID control to enhance the steering precision of a line-following robot, making it follow the path more smoothly.

    Balancing Robots: Implement PID control to maintain the balance of a two-wheeled robot, similar to a Segway.

Conclusion

PID control with Arduino offers a practical and hands-on approach to understanding and implementing feedback control systems. Whether for educational purposes or hobby projects, the combination of PID control and the Arduino platform provides a versatile and accessible means to explore control theory and its applications.

One of the most commonly used control methods in industrial automation, production, and control systems is undoubtedly the PID Control format. We have sought answers to your questions about this control type, which has made the job of our software developer friends perfectly easy many times.

- What is PID?

- What do the components of the PID control algorithm (P, I, D) mean?
- What are the limitations of the PID control algorithm?
- PID control and stable operation?
- What are the common problems with PID controllers?
- How does a PID controller work?
- How are the parameters (Kp, Ki, Kd) in a PID controller adjusted?
- The time factor in setting PID parameters?
- How should PID control parameters be set for different types of processes?
- What are the differences between PID and other control strategies?

- PID Control with PLC
- PID Control with Raspberry Pi
- PID Control with Robotics
- PID Control with SCADA
- PID Control with Servo Motor
- PID control with VFD
- PID Control with Temperature Control Device

- PID Control with Arduino
- Cloud-Based PID Control
- PID Control with Industrial PC
- PID Control with FPGA
- Real-time PID control?

- PID Control with Microprocessor
- PID Control with Current Control
- PID Control with Flow Control
- PID Control with Pressure Control
- PID Control with Frequency Control

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